The effect of changing graphitization temperature toward bio-graphite from Palm Kernel Shell

Abstract This paper focuses on the relationship between heat treatment temperature toward structural transformation from amorphous carbon to highly graphitic material during a production stage.The following report discusses simple strategy convert palm kernel shell (PKS) into crystalline, high quality graphite via two-step process. The involves impregnation of catalyst followed by thermal treatment. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy allowed observation microstructural change prepared sample at ranging 1000°C 1400°C using Ferum catalyst. From pattern it can be observed that as graphitization increased, degree also increased. Overall higher shows graphitization. PKS graphitized with aid sharp intensified peak 2θ = 26.5° reflecting formation crystalline structure. spectrum suggests similar results in which PKS-1400 presence large amount structure value (Id/Ig) ratio is lower than other samples. HRTEM analysis visibly define lattice fringe, further confirms ordered Overall, good Palm Kernel was succesfully synthesised utilization PKS, catalsyt method.